Types of Demat Account in India

Dematerialization is a revolution in the field of the stock market. It has made things like smartphone trading easier for every investor worldwide. You cannot deny the importance of the dematerialization of documents because of the security and transparency you will receive for your investment.

If the dematerialization process comes to the rescue, managing securities will be chaotic. In today's time as the world becomes closer due to the internet and computer invention, the stock with the use of paper will be a total disaster.  Managing and authenticating the paper for fair trading will not be an easy task. People would be discouraged to invest and trade in securities due to lack of trust and management.

Types Of Demat Account

There are different types of demat accounts available, each designed to meet specific requirements. Here are the details of some common types of demat accounts:

1. Regular Demat Account

For individual investors, an ordinary demat account is a typical demat account type. In addition to stocks, bonds, mutual funds, and government assets, it enables investors to hold a wide variety of securities. Simple purchasing, selling, and holding capabilities are offered by this account.

2. (BSDA) Basic Services Demat Account

Small investors with a constrained portfolio of securities are the target market for the Basic Services Demat Account. For accounts with modest holdings values, it offers reduced maintenance fees. There are several restrictions on the amount of securities that can be held in BSDA accounts, usually up to a cap set by the depository.

3. Repatriable Depository Account

NRIs (non-resident Indians) who want to invest in the Indian stock market should open a repatriable demat account. NRIs may hold and trade Indian securities through this account. Repatriable indicates that the money invested in this account can be changed back into a foreign currency and transported outside of India.

4. Non-Repatriable Demat Account

Although they are different from repatriable accounts, non-repatriable demat accounts are likewise intended for NRIs. It is not possible to withdraw the money from this account outside of India. These accounts allow NRIs to invest in Indian equities with non-repatriable cash, such as income from India.

5. Business Demat Account

Companies and other organizations register a corporate demat account to store their securities. It enables businesses to keep electronic records of their stock, debt obligations, and other corporate securities. For corporate actions including dividends, rights issues, and bonus issues, this account is used.

6. Account of the Beneficiary Owner (BO)

An investor who is the ultimate owner of the securities is the beneficiary owner of a beneficiary owner account. Usually, retail investors or individual investors open it. The BO account enables investors to hold and deal in securities in accordance with their needs.

These are a few of the types of demat accounts that are offered. Depending on the depository participant and the laws of the country. It is advisable to speak with a registered depository participant or financial institution to fully grasp the details and select the best sort of demat account for your requirements.

What is Dematerialization?

Dematerialization meaning: 
Dematerialization definition states that it is the method of converting your collection of physical or paper documents into an electronic format known as dematerialization. A Demat account plays a crucial role in securing your documents in the stock market because dematerialization means eliminating your stress regarding paper documents and replacing them with electronic documents. 

The importance of a Demat account, i.e., a dematerialization account, is unquestionable. Therefore, investors must have a Demat account to trade in the Indian stock market.

But, as a curious investor, you might wonder, why can't you just have the traditional way of trading for yourself? Why bother yourself with this dematerialization? No wonder these questions may come to haunt your mind, but understand one thing: imagine this: 

You have bought one share, and then you develop the exciting hobby of saving and investing in a new share every week. As you move forward with this hobby, you will have one document in the first week, but as time goes by and you keep on saving and investing, you will have around tens, or maybe hundreds, of documents in paper format. 

Consider whether it is more convenient to have tens or hundreds of paper documents that you must keep in a separate physical file and location. So that no one can harm them or have all of these documents at your fingertips with wireless Internet access through the dematerialization process. This works in both ways, which means you can convert your physical share into electronic format. If required, you can convert your electronic format of securities into a physical format through rematerialization. But in today's time, very few people prefer to have physical securities. Most traders use electronic securities to trade quicker in the share market. Demat accounts can overlook all of their securities under one roof. 

The process of dematerialization came into existence based on taking the world forward by giving investors actual documents in their possession under their control. As a result, you, as an investor, will have full access to all the shares and securities that you own. All of this is only possible through the dematerialization process. As the world becomes aware of the dematerialization process, People make investing a hobby or a full-time income, now trading has become easy, and to start with trading, all you need is a smartphone with internet and ID proof which will define your age.  Above 18 is required age for trading, less than that can trade in the stock market by only with the parent's guidance.

When conducting business on paper, there is always the risk of misplacing the paper document or possibly damaging or losing the paper document entirely. Still, this risk gets eliminated when the same document is available on your computer. You can save it under your Google profile, and you will access that document using a device you log in to. You know how because you will have the facility of restoring your documents. You can simply share that document with an individual you trust, and they will also have that document. With a simple procedure, you can open a Demat and a trading account which will be connected through your bank account.  A saving account will serve the purpose of your trading. Investing in the Stock market is a great way to expand your knowledge and gain trading experience. For the beginner, the ride of trading will not be smooth and you can face losses in the Stock Market. But learning from failure and fact-based investment is the best option to follow while trading in the Stock Market.

Another best dematerialization is that you can transfer your share online without any worry, unlike in the olden days when you had to wait for days just to transfer your share to another person. But with the dematerialization, now the share transfer is effortless and quick.

Dematerialization Process

Open a Demat Account: A Demat account is where investors’ securities are kept safe in electronic format. To convert your physical documents to electronic ones, you will have to select a DP, i.e., a Depository Participant, with whom you want to open a Demat account. A DP can be any bank or a broker who facilitates the Indian Stock Market. A DP can ask for proof to verify your identity, driver's license, and PAN card. Through the DP app or web portal, you can simply make your Demat account from anywhere and at any time. You also get all the updates related through your registered email id and sms on your registered phone number. 

You will have to submit it along with all the other documents that your selected DP requests. Once the verification process is over, you will be eligible to open a Demat account under that particular DP. Always remember to choose a DP after considering all their facilities. Submit all paper documents for your shares and securities.

Once you become the owner of an active Demat account, you must submit all of your investments to your depository participant. You will also have to submit the Dematerialization request form (DRF) for different companies. Write "SURRENDERED FOR DEMATERIALIZATION" on every document of your security. Your DP will verify these documents and your DRF.

In the DRF, you may have to fill in information like:

• Bank Account No.
• The security's name
• Name of the Account Holder
• DP ID [given by your DP] 
• The signature of the account holder
• The number of shares surrendered
• The type of security can be debenture, equity, etc.

When the DP is satisfied with the information on your DRF and the security documents, they will issue you an acknowledgment slip. Then, wait a while for the share to get credited to your Demat account:

After you submit the DRF to your DP, he will send the form, your documents, etc,To the register and transfer agent. Suppose every document and process is conducted correctly and in order. In that case, the register and transfer agent will acknowledge your dematerialization request in his system. It moves it forward to the National Securities Depository Ltd. (NSDL), the central securities depository. The NSDL's depository module will now create a proper credit balance of your surrendered shares and securities. And after they are done with the verification and making the credit balance, you can check your Demat account for your securities.

Keep one thing in mind: if any of the paper documents that you submitted are not in the proper condition or are damaged and torn, your DRF may get denied, and if any of your documents are not accurate and fraudulent, your selected DP will not allow you to open a Demat account under them. Hence, always make sure to submit the proper documents and ensure they are all in good condition. Also, enter proper detail for any queries you can contact your DP customer service. They can help you to convert your physical certificate.

The conversion of documents came into action after introducing the Depository Act of 1996. It means all the paper documents of the shareholder have got converted into digital format. Therefore, it is beneficial to keep an eye on investors and control the corruption of the stock market. If you want to dematerialize any securities from your grandparents or even your friends, you can guide them and help them to convert the physical certificate into a digital format. With the major depository CDSL and NSDL, you can check the website of each depository and clarify each condition for the dematerialization of financial securities on both websites. 

About Ninety-nine percent of the Indian population are using the dematerialized financial securities. The process of dematerialization has made traders, and everyday investors trade safely and, most importantly, use the trading market to earn and boost our nation's economy. 

There are many opportunities in the Stock Market. You can trade in any securities you like from stock to mutual funds, commodities, and F&O. As you enter stock trading, there will be a lot of learning and opportunities you can achieve in stock trading.  To open a Demat account from any online broker or a full-time broker. Check for the brokerage rate and other charges of trading. You can start investing in small amounts and then increase your investment as per your goal. As you have read about the dematerialization process, you now understand how legitimate the trading world has become, But still beware before making any huge investment, do take advice from a financial advisor who can provide you with proper guidance and help to invest in the stock Market.